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This scientific method stresses the importance of first establishing well-defined principles of human nature (moral philosophy) and ‘deducing’ aspects of political life from this. [1] Hobbes first used the mechanics of motion to define principles of human perception, behaviour and reasoning, which were then used to draw the conclusions of ...
An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (EPM) is the enquiry subsequent to the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (EHU). Thus, it is often referred to as his "second Enquiry". [1] It was originally published in 1751, three years after the first Enquiry. [2] Hume first discusses ethics in A Treatise of Human Nature (in Book 3 - "Of ...
Insist on the right of humanity and nature to co-exist in a healthy, supportive, diverse and sustainable condition. Recognize interdependence. Respect relationships between spirit and matter. Accept responsibility for the consequences of design decisions upon human well-being, the viability of natural systems and their right to co-exist.
One counterintuitive consequence of actualism is that agents can avoid moral obligations simply by having an imperfect moral character. [34] [36] For example, a lazy person might justify rejecting a request to help a friend by arguing that, due to her lazy character, she would not have done the work anyway, even if she had accepted the request ...
There are disagreements about what precisely gives an action, rule, or disposition its ethical force. There are three competing views on how moral questions should be answered, along with hybrid positions that combine some elements of each: virtue ethics, deontological ethics; and consequentialism.
Human nature attributes involve characteristics such as warmth, agency, emotionality, and cognitive openness, which discriminate a human from inanimate objects. [46] When attributing human nature to groups of people, ingroup and outgroup biases come into play. People identify themselves with their social group (ingroup) and dissociate ...
Some consequences are included in the action even though the agent did not intend them to happen. [2] [4] It is sufficient that what the agent does "can be described under an aspect that makes it intentional". [9] [4] So, for example, if flipping the light switch alerts the burglar then alerting the burglar is part of the agent's actions. [1]
Principles unpack the values underlying them more concretely so that the values can be more easily operationalized in policy statements and actions. [3] In law, higher order, overarching principles establish rules to be followed, modified by sentencing guidelines relating to context and proportionality. In science and nature, a principle may ...