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In Europe, types 16 and 18 are responsible for over 70% of cervical cancers. [197] Overall rates of HPV-associated invasive cancers may be increasing. Between 1994 and 2014, there was a 2% increase in the rate of HPV-associated invasive cancers per year for both sexes in Ireland. [196]
The highest-risk types are HPV 16 and 18; these are responsible for the vast majority of HPV-related cancers, including cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and head and neck.
[22]: 668 The vaccines are between 92% and 100% effective against HPV 16 and 18 up to at least 8 years. [50] HPV vaccines are typically given to age 9 to 26, as the vaccine is most effective if given before infection occurs. The primary target group in most of the countries recommending HPV vaccination is young adolescent girls, aged 9-14. [16]
A study with 9vHPV, a 9-valent HPV vaccine that protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, came to the result that the rate of high-grade cervical, vulvar, or vaginal disease was the same as when using a quadrivalent HPV vaccine. [57]
However, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force noted that HPV testing is more effective for women between the ages of 30 and 65. (Women in their 20s should continue to receive pap smears every ...
For the first time in 10 years, the rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation did not increase among teenagers, according to new data from the Centers for Disease Control and ...
HPV-associated cancers are caused by high-risk strains of HPV, mainly HPV-16 and HPV-18. [35] HPV is a small non-enveloped DNA virus of the papillomavirus family. Its genome encodes the early (E) oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7 and the late (L) capsid proteins L1 and L2.
The researchers discovered that eight years after the children were vaccinated, the prevalence of HPV types 16 and 18 —which are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and are targeted by the ...