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The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/(100 mL)), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
When that same water then emerges from the tap, in time it comes into equilibrium with CO 2 levels in the air by outgassing its excess CO 2. The calcium carbonate becomes less soluble as a result, and the excess precipitates as lime scale. This same process is responsible for the formation of stalactites and stalagmites in limestone caves.
CaCO 3 + 2 HCl → CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O. Thus, scale can be removed with acid. In solution the equilibrium between carbonate, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is sensitive to pH, temperature, and pressure. Although di- and trivalent carbonates have low solubility, bicarbonate salts are far more soluble.
It is also more soluble if the concentration of dissolved CO 2 is higher. Adding a reactant to the above chemical equation pushes the equilibrium towards the right producing more products: Ca 2+ and HCO 3 − , and consuming more reactants CO 2 and calcium carbonate according to Le Chatelier's principle .
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+. The solvation number , n , determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table .
An anhydrous, air-stable derivative is the urea complex Ca(NO 3) 2 ·4[OC(NH 2) 2], which has been sold as Cal-Urea. Calcium nitrate is also used to control certain plant diseases. For example, dilute calcium nitrate (and calcium chloride ) sprays are used to control bitter pit and cork spot in apple trees.
Limestone is the most common carbonate rock [3] and is a sedimentary rock made of calcium carbonate with two main polymorphs: calcite and aragonite.While the chemical composition of these two minerals is the same, their physical properties differ significantly due to their different crystalline form.