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  2. List of logic symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols

    In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.

  3. Power of two - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_two

    As each increase in dimension doubles the number of shapes, the sum of coefficients on each row of Pascal's triangle is a power of two The sum of powers of two from zero to a given power, inclusive, is 1 less than the next power of two, whereas the sum of powers of two from minus-infinity to a given power, inclusive, equals the next power of two

  4. Turing machine equivalents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine_equivalents

    The primitive model register machine is, in effect, a multitape 2-symbol Post–Turing machine with its behaviour restricted so its tapes act like simple "counters". By the time of Melzak, Lambek, and Minsky the notion of a "computer program" produced a different type of simple machine with many left-ended tapes cut from a Post–Turing tape.

  5. Turing machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine

    In addition, a Turing machine is also equivalent to a two-stack PDA with standard LIFO semantics, by using one stack to model the tape left of the head and the other stack for the tape to the right. At the other extreme, some very simple models turn out to be Turing-equivalent, i.e. to have the same computational power as the Turing machine model.

  6. Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_letters_used_in...

    the Christoffel symbols that describe components of a metric connection; the stack alphabet in the formal definition of a pushdown automaton, or the tape-alphabet in the formal definition of a Turing machine; the Feferman–Schütte ordinal Γ 0; represents: the specific weight of substances; the lower incomplete gamma function

  7. Logic alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_alphabet

    The logic alphabet, also called the X-stem Logic Alphabet (XLA), constitutes an iconic set of symbols that systematically represents the sixteen possible binary truth functions of logic. The logic alphabet was developed by Shea Zellweger. The major emphasis of his iconic "logic alphabet" is to provide a more cognitively ergonomic notation for ...

  8. Logical constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_constant

    Two important types of logical constants are logical connectives and quantifiers. The equality predicate (usually written '=') is also treated as a logical constant in many systems of logic . One of the fundamental questions in the philosophy of logic is "What is a logical constant?"; [ 1 ] that is, what special feature of certain constants ...

  9. Automata theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automata_theory

    Some machines have additional working tapes, including the Turing machine, linear bounded automaton, and log-space transducer. Transition function. Deterministic: For a given current state and an input symbol, if an automaton can only jump to one and only one state then it is a deterministic automaton.