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"Severe dopaminergic neurotoxicity in primates after a common recreational dose regimen of MDMA [nb 1] ("ecstasy")", [1] is an article by George A. Ricaurte that was published in September 2002 in the peer-reviewed journal Science, one of the world's top academic journals.
[29] [30] Methamphetamine neurotoxicity causes adverse changes in brain structure and function, such as reductions in grey matter volume in several brain regions, as well as adverse changes in markers of metabolic integrity. [30] Methamphetamine belongs to the substituted phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes.
Along with 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine (HHA; α-methyldopamine), HHMA may be involved in the serotonergic neurotoxicity of MDMA. [1] [5] [6] [3] However, findings in this regard are conflicting, and the neurotoxicity of MDMA and related agents may instead be based on their mechanism of action without involvement of metabolites. [3] [5] [6] [7] [8]
In 2021, about 1.6 million people ages 12 and up in the U.S. had a methamphetamine use disorder and 1.4 million had a cocaine use disorder, according to data from the Substance Abuse and Mental ...
3,4-Methyl enedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA), ... Elevations in brain temperature from MDMA use are positively correlated with MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. [15] ...
However, the derivative metabolite 2,5-bis-(glutathion-S-yl)-α-methyldopamine (injected at ~1.5 times the usual per-kg MDMA dose) did in fact induce neurotoxicity, providing initial evidence that this metabolite may be the source of neuronal toxicity following the administration of MDA and MDMA, and the subsequent reduction in serotonergic axons.
Methamphetamine fatality from ATS have been reported after ingestion of a minimal dose of 1.3 mg/kg, while the estimated minimum lethal dose in a non-addicted adult is 200 mg. [14] [26] Generally, children are more likely to develop toxicity and have lower chances of developing tolerance.
Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. [1] It occurs when exposure to a substance – specifically, a neurotoxin or neurotoxicant – alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a ...