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Phosphorylation regulates many biological processes, and protein kinase inhibitors can be used to treat diseases due to hyperactive protein kinases (including mutant or overexpressed kinases in cancer) or to modulate cell functions to overcome other disease drivers.
A number of Rho kinase inhibitors are known. [15] [16] [17]Chemical structure of fasudil. AT-13148 [18]; BA-210; β-ElemeneBelumosudil; Chroman 1 [19] [20]; DJ4, which is a selective multi-specific ATP competitive inhibitor of activity of ROCK1 (IC50 of 5 nM), ROCK2 (IC50 of 50 nM), MRCKα (IC50 of 10 nM) and MRCKβ (IC50 of 100 nM) kinases without affecting activity of PAK1 and DMPK at 5 μM ...
Pages in category "Protein kinase inhibitors" The following 62 pages are in this category, out of 62 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
As of 2017, an estimated 29% of approved drugs are enzyme inhibitors [96] of which approximately one-fifth are kinase inhibitors. [96] A notable class of kinase drug targets is the receptor tyrosine kinases which are essential enzymes that regulate cell growth; their over-activation may result in cancer. Hence kinase inhibitors such as imatinib ...
A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) is a protein that interacts with a cyclin-CDK complex to inhibit kinase activity, often during G1 phase or in response to external signals or DNA damage. In animal cells, two primary CKI families exist: the INK4 family (p16, p15, p18, p19) and the CIP/KIP family (p21, p27, p57).
A tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a pharmaceutical drug that inhibits tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine kinases are enzymes responsible for the activation of many proteins by signal transduction cascades. The proteins are activated by adding a phosphate group to the protein (phosphorylation), a step that TKIs inhibit. TKIs are typically used as ...
Activated IKK-β phosphorylates a protein called the inhibitor of NF-κB, IκB , which binds NF-κB to inhibit its function. Phosphorylated IκB is degraded via the ubiquitination pathway, freeing NF-κB, and allowing its entry into the nucleus of the cell where it activates various genes involved in inflammation and other immune responses.
PI3K inhibitors block the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and thus slow down cancer growth. [2] [3] They are examples of a targeted therapy. [4] While PI3K inhibitors are an effective treatment, they can have very severe side effects and are therefore only used if other treatments have failed or are not suitable. [5] [6]