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  2. Torricelli's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torricelli's_law

    Every physical theory must be verified by experiments. The spouting can experiment consists of a cylindrical vessel filled up with water and with several holes in different heights. It is designed to show that in a liquid with an open surface, pressure increases with depth. The fluid exit velocity is greater further down the vessel. [2]

  3. Bernoulli's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli's_principle

    Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, density, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a parcel of fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in either the pressure or the height above a datum. [1]:

  4. Archimedes' principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes'_principle

    Archimedes' principle (also spelled Archimedes's principle) states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. [1] Archimedes' principle is a law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics. It was formulated by Archimedes of ...

  5. Displacement (fluid) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(fluid)

    In fluid mechanics, displacement occurs when an object is largely immersed in a fluid, pushing it out of the way and taking its place. The volume of the fluid displaced can then be measured, and from this, the volume of the immersed object can be deduced: the volume of the immersed object will be exactly equal to the volume of the displaced fluid.

  6. Borda–Carnot equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borda–Carnot_equation

    ΔE is the fluid's mechanical energy loss, ξ is an empirical loss coefficient, which is dimensionless and has a value between zero and one, 0 ≤ ξ ≤ 1, ρ is the fluid density, v 1 and v 2 are the mean flow velocities before and after the expansion. In case of an abrupt and wide expansion, the loss coefficient is equal to one. [1]

  7. Hydraulic jump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_jump

    Figure 4: An undular front on a tidal bore. At this point the water is relatively deep and the fractional change in elevation is small. A tidal bore is a hydraulic jump which occurs when the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travel up a river or narrow bay against the direction of the current. [16]

  8. Fluid dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics

    In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids – liquids and gases.It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of water and other liquids in motion).

  9. Pascal's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_law

    Pressure in water and air. Pascal's law applies for fluids. Pascal's principle is defined as: A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed incompressible fluid at rest is transmitted equally and undiminished to all points in all directions throughout the fluid, and the force due to the pressure acts at right angles to the enclosing walls.