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Parallel evolution is a common phenomenon that occurs when separate yet closely related lineages evolve the same, non-ancestral trait as a result of inhabiting the same environment, and thus, facing the same selection pressures.
Generally, the basic morphologies are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders or rod shaped (bacillus). But, there are also other morphologies such as helically twisted cylinders (example Spirochetes), cylinders curved in one plane (selenomonads) and unusual morphologies (the square, flat box-shaped cells of the Archaean genus Haloquadratum ...
The mechanisms of inflation within these pocket universes could function in a variety of manners, such as slow-roll inflation, undergoing cycles of cosmological evolution, or resembling of the Galilean genesis or other 'emergent' universe scenarios. Lehners goes on to discuss which one of these types of universes we live in, and how that is ...
chemistry (ratio of activation energy to thermal energy) [1] Atomic weight: M: chemistry (mass of one atom divided by the atomic mass constant, 1 Da) Bodenstein number: Bo or Bd = / = chemistry (residence-time distribution; similar to the axial mass transfer Peclet number) [2]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 December 2024. Hypothetical group of multiple universes Not to be confused with Metaverse. "Multiverses" redirects here. For the crossover fighting game, see MultiVersus. For other uses, see Multiverse (disambiguation). Part of a series on Physical cosmology Big Bang · Universe Age of the universe ...
The region of the protein responsible for binding another molecule is known as the binding site and is often a depression or "pocket" on the molecular surface. This binding ability is mediated by the tertiary structure of the protein, which defines the binding site pocket, and by the chemical properties of the surrounding amino acids' side chains.
Figure 2 is a sample computational microscale algorithm that corresponds to the macroscale model of Figure 1. When all individuals are identical and mutations in birth and death rates are disabled, the microscale dynamics closely parallel the macroscale dynamics (Figures 3A and 3B).
For example, residue i may form hydrogen bonds to residues j − 1 and j + 1; this is known as a wide pair of hydrogen bonds. By contrast, residue j may hydrogen-bond to different residues altogether, or to none at all. The hydrogen bond arrangement in parallel beta sheet resembles that in an amide ring motif with 11 atoms.