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By far the most frequently used products are formulations for mixing with water then applying as sprays. Water miscible, older formulations include: EC Emulsifiable concentrate; WP Wettable powder; SL Soluble (liquid) concentrate; SP Soluble powder; Newer, non-powdery formulations with reduced or no use of hazardous solvents and improved ...
In the years 1948–1988 chlordane was a common pesticide for corn and citrus crops, as well as a method of home termite control. [6] Pathways of exposure to chlordane include ingestion of crops grown in chlordane-contaminated soil, inhalation of air in chlordane-treated homes and from landfills, and ingestion of high-fat foods such as meat ...
Two binary solutions of different compositions or even two pure components can be mixed with various mixing ratios by masses, moles, or volumes. The mass fraction of the resulting solution from mixing solutions with masses m 1 and m 2 and mass fractions w 1 and w 2 is given by:
The solutions on the left are more dilute, compared to the more concentrated solutions on the right. Often in informal, non-technical language, concentration is described in a qualitative way, through the use of adjectives such as "dilute" for solutions of relatively low concentration and "concentrated" for solutions of relatively high ...
According to the German Patent bureau, the industrial synthesis of diazinon is as follows: β-isobutyrylaminocrotonic acid amine was cyclized with NaOR (R is either a hydrogen or aliphatic chain of 1 to 8 carbons) in a mixture of 0 to 100% by weight of water and an alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, above 90°C (but below the boiling point of the mixture used).
A 1997 US government report said that Roundup is 15% POEA while Roundup Pro is 14.5%. [15] Since POEA is more toxic to fish and amphibians than glyphosate alone, POEA is not allowed in aquatic formulations. [16] [15] [17] Non-glyphosate formulations of Roundup are typically used for lawns that glyphosate would otherwise kill.
The following formulas can be used to calculate the volumes of solute (V solute) and solvent (V solvent) to be used: [1] = = where V total is the desired total volume, and F is the desired dilution factor number (the number in the position of F if expressed as "1/F dilution factor" or "xF dilution"). However, some solutions and mixtures take up ...
Chlorpyrifos is normally supplied as a 23.5% or 50% liquid concentrate. The recommended concentration for direct-spray pin point application is 0.5% and for wide area application a 0.03–0.12% mix is recommended (US). [25] [26]