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The Jesuits are a Catholic order founded in 1534 by Ignatius of Loyola and confirmed by the Pope in 1540. The Greek letters IHS stand for Jesus, or can be interpreted as an abbreviation for "Jesus, the Savior of men" in Latin. Ignatius of Loyola (1491–1556), Spanish nobleman, priest and founder of the Order of Jesuits.
The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits (/ ˈ dʒ ɛ ʒ u ɪ t s, ˈ dʒ ɛ zj u-/ JEZH-oo-its, JEZ-ew-; [2] Latin: Iesuitae), [3] is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome.
Cassock and gown were worn as an outdoor dress until the beginning of the nineteenth century, with the Canterbury cap being replaced by the mortarboard or tri-corn hat latterly. Increasingly, though, ordinary men's clothing in black, worn with a white shirt and either a black or white cravat, replaced the dress prescribed by the Canons. [10]
Crowd protests when the Society of Jesus was evicted from its premises on rue de Sèvres [], Paris, June 30.From La Ilustración Española y Americana.. The expulsion of religious congregations in 1880 was a political event in France during the Third Republic, involving the dispersal of unauthorized, primarily male, religious congregations.
Jesuits were allegedly so extreme in their submission to their order that they became like machines and, in their determination to achieve their goals, drew on powers unavailable to other men, through witchcraft. The peculiar location of the Jesuit, at the boundaries of humanity, unsettled the producers and consumers of anti-Jesuit discourse.
The Society of Jesus expelled from the Kingdom of Portugal by the Royal Decree of 3 September 1759; as a carrack sets sail from Portuguese shores in the background, a bolt of lightning strikes a Jesuit priest as he attempts to set a terrestrial globe, a mitre, and a royal crown on fire; a bag of gold coins and a closed book (symbols of wealth and control of education) lie at the priest's feet.
The Jesuit provinces were first organized into an "assistancy" (a regional grouping of provinces), [16] called the Jesuit Conference of the United States, in 1972. [17] A new, consolidated assistancy was created in 2014, called the Jesuit Conference of Canada and the United States , under which all the provinces in the two countries are organized.
In 1996, the Jesuit Plantation Project was established by historians at Georgetown, which made available to the public, via the internet, digitized versions of much of the Maryland Jesuits' archives, including the articles of agreement for the 1838 sale.