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The drying rate in the falling-rate period is controlled by the rate of removal of moisture or solvent from the interior of the solid being dried and is referred to as being "mass-transfer limited". This is widely noticed in hygroscopic products such as fruits and vegetables, where drying occurs in the falling rate period with the constant ...
Mass transfer is the net movement of mass from one location (usually meaning stream, phase, fraction, or component) to another. Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation. Mass transfer is used by different scientific disciplines for different processes ...
Vacuum drying is the mass transfer operation in which the moisture present in a substance, usually a wet solid, is removed by means of creating a vacuum. In chemical processing industries like food processing , pharmacology, agriculture, and textiles, drying is an essential unit operation to remove moisture. [ 1 ]
Heat transfer processes, including evaporation and heat exchange. Mass transfer processes, including gas absorption, distillation, extraction, adsorption, and drying. Thermodynamic processes, including gas liquefaction, and refrigeration. Mechanical processes, including solids transportation, crushing and pulverization, and screening and sieving.
The Marangoni effect (also called the Gibbs–Marangoni effect) is the mass transfer along an interface between two phases due to a gradient of the surface tension. In the case of temperature dependence, this phenomenon may be called thermo-capillary convection [ 1 ] or Bénard–Marangoni convection .
The Sherwood number (Sh) (also called the mass transfer Nusselt number) is a dimensionless number used in mass-transfer operation. It represents the ratio of the total mass transfer rate ( convection + diffusion) to the rate of diffusive mass transport, [ 1 ] and is named in honor of Thomas Kilgore Sherwood .
Mass transfer coefficients can be estimated from many different theoretical equations, correlations, and analogies that are functions of material properties, intensive properties and flow regime (laminar or turbulent flow). Selection of the most applicable model is dependent on the materials and the system, or environment, being studied.
His scientific activity is connected with heat and mass transfer in the processes of distillation, evaporation, drying and fluidization. He is an author of the first Polish monograph in the field of drying. [6] His scientific achievements include 250 publications, 7 handbooks and monographs related to chemical engineering and process engineering.