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In the 19th century, starting with the Occupation of Algeria in 1830, France began to establish a new empire in Africa and Southeast Asia. The following is a list of all countries that were part of the French colonial empires from 1534; 491 years ago () to the present, either entirely or in part, either under French sovereignty or as mandate.
The French conquest of Algeria began in 1830 with the invasion of Algiers, and was mostly completed by 1852. Not until 1903 was the conquest fully complete. French colonization of Algeria was undertaken through military conquest and the overthrow of existing structures of government. French colonial rule lasted until Algerian independence in ...
The French colonial empire in the New World also included New France (Nouvelle France) in North America, particularly in what is today the province of Quebec, Canada, and for a very short period (12 years) also Antarctic France (France Antarctique, in French), in present-day Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All of these settlements were in violation of ...
French colonies in South and Southeast Asia: French India (1769–1954) French Indochina (1887–1953), including: French Laos (1893–1953) French Cambodia (1863–1953) Annam (French protectorate), Cochinchina, Tonkin (now Vietnam) (1883–1953) Dutch, British, Spanish, Portuguese colonies and Russian territories in Asia: Dutch India (1605 ...
The total area of the French colonial empire, with the first (mainly in the Americas and Asia) and second (mainly in Africa and Asia), the French colonial empires combined, reached 24,000,000 km 2 (9,300,000 sq mi), the second largest in the world (the first being the British Empire).
French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China), [a] [b] officially known as the Indochinese Union [c] [d] and after 1941 as the Indochinese Federation, [e] was a federation of French colonies and later associated states in Southeast Asia.
The first French colonial empire stretched to over 10,000,000 km 2 (3,900,000 sq mi) at its peak in 1710, which was the second largest colonial empire in the world, after the Spanish Empire. [33] [34] In the French colonial regions, the focus of the economy was on sugar plantations in the French West Indies.
The Myth of the Savage: and the Beginnings of French Colonialism in the Americas (1984). Eccles, W. J. The Canadian Frontier, 1534–1760 (1983). Eccles, W. J. France in America (1990). Moogk, Peter N. La Nouvelle France: the making of French Canada: a cultural history (2000). Roberts, Walter Adolphe. The French in the West Indies (1971).