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In a discrete water molecule, there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The simplest case is a pair of water molecules with one hydrogen bond between them, which is called the water dimer and is often used as a model system. When more molecules are present, as is the case with liquid water, more bonds are possible because the oxygen of ...
Even for small molecules like carbohydrates, the recognition process can not be predicted or designed even assuming that each individual hydrogen bond's strength is exactly known. [26] However, as Mobley et al. [ 27 ] concluded, the accurate prediction of the molecular recognition events needs to go beyond the static snapshot of a single frame ...
Some DNA- or RNA-binding enzymes can recognize specific base pairing patterns that identify particular regulatory regions of genes. Hydrogen bonding is the chemical mechanism that underlies the base-pairing rules described above. Appropriate geometrical correspondence of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors allows only the "right" pairs to form ...
Molecular self-assembly is a key concept in supramolecular chemistry. [6] [7] [8] This is because assembly of molecules in such systems is directed through non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, pi-stacking interactions, and/or electrostatic) as well as electromagnetic interactions.
Hoogsteen pointed out that if the alternative hydrogen-bonding patterns were present in DNA, then the double helix would have to assume a quite different shape. Hoogsteen base pairs are observed in alternative structures such as the four-stranded G-quadruplex structures that form in DNA and RNA.
The water dimer consists of two water molecules loosely bound by a hydrogen bond. It is the smallest water cluster . Because it is the simplest model system for studying hydrogen bonding in water, it has been the target of many theoretical [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] (and later experimental) studies that it has been called a "theoretical Guinea pig".
Hydrogen bonds formed among various monomers guarantee the construction of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks with different assembly architectures. [15] [16] [17] The constitution of the hydrogen pairs is based on the structural and functional design of the HOFs, therefore different hydrogen bonding pairs should be selected following systematic requirements.
Isovalent hybridization is used to explain bond angles of those molecules that is inconsistent with the generalized simple sp, sp 2 and sp 3 hybridization. For molecules containing lone pairs, the true hybridization of these molecules depends on the amount of s and p characters of the central atom which is related to its electronegativity.
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