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Girl with epicanthal folds A diagram showing a complete cleft lip and palate Unevenly positioned eyes that may be crossed ( strabismus ) or wide-set ( hypertelorism ) [ 5 ] Vision problems due to abnormal facial anatomy, which causes mechanical disturbances of the extraocular muscles , resulting in strabismus (crossed eyes) [ 3 ]
An epicanthic fold or epicanthus [6] is a skin fold of the upper eyelid that covers the inner corner (medial canthus) of the eye. [3] However, variation occurs in the nature of this feature and the possession of "partial epicanthic folds" or "slight epicanthic folds" is noted in the relevant literature.
This may be accompanied by epicanthal folds (extra fold of skin at the inner corner of the eye), ptosis (drooping of the eyelids), proptosis (bulging eyes), strabismus (inward or outward turning of the eyes), nystagmus (jerking movement of the eyes) and refractive visual errors. The nose may be small, wide, and upturned.
Brushfield spots (small white or grayish/brown spots on the periphery of the iris), upward slanting palpebral fissures (the opening between the upper and lower lids) and epicanthal folds (folds of skin between the upper eyelid and the nose) are clinical signs at birth suggesting the diagnosis of Down syndrome [57] [58] especially in the Western ...
Other common symptoms include lack of an eyelid fold, an appearance of widely spaced eyes (telecanthus), low nose bridge and ear malformations (including cupping and incomplete development). Rare symptoms include microphthalmos (abnormally small eyes), tear ducts in the wrong location and a high-arched palate . [ 1 ]
In adults, the average weight varies from around 40 kg (88 pounds) for the smallest and most lightly built tropical people to around 80 kg (176 pounds) for the heavier northern peoples. [2] Size also varies between the sexes, with the sexual dimorphism in humans being more pronounced than that of chimpanzees , but less than the dimorphism found ...
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The term was motivated by the observation that people with Down syndrome often have epicanthic folds. [51] Coined in 1908, the term remained in medical usage until the 1950s. In 1961, its use was deprecated by a group of genetic experts in an article in The Lancet due to its "misleading connotations". [ 52 ]