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The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
On POSIX systems, the file descriptor for standard input is 0 (zero); the POSIX <unistd.h> definition is STDIN_FILENO; the corresponding C <stdio.h> abstraction is provided via the FILE* stdin global variable. Similarly, the global C++ std::cin variable of type <iostream> provides an abstraction via C++ streams.
File descriptors for a single process, file table and inode table. Note that multiple file descriptors can refer to the same file table entry (e.g., as a result of the dup system call [3]: 104 ) and that multiple file table entries can in turn refer to the same inode (if it has been opened multiple times; the table is still simplified because it represents inodes by file names, even though an ...
[4] [5] Although the C++ Standard Library and the STL share many features, neither is a strict superset of the other. [citation needed] A noteworthy feature of the C++ Standard Library is that it not only specifies the syntax and semantics of generic algorithms, but also places requirements on their performance. [6]
The C++ standard library is a collection of utilities that are shipped with C++ for use by any C++ programmer. It includes input and output, multi-threading, time, regular expressions, algorithms for common tasks, and less common ones (find, for_each, swap, etc.) and lists, maps and hash maps (and the equivalent for sets) and a class called vector that is a resizable array.
Imagine this simple recipe as the casserole version of classic chicken noodle soup! The key to enhancing the flavor is using high-quality broth or homemade chicken stock.
Image source: Getty Images. Driving may be one of the most convenient ways to get from point A to point B, but you pay a premium for that convenience: Car insurance.
Adobe expects foreign exchange volatility and the company's shift towards subscriptions to cut into its fiscal 2025 revenue by about $200 million. The company is making significant investments in ...