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  2. Telomere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere

    Furthermore, it was predicted that a specialized DNA polymerase (originally called a tandem-DNA-polymerase) could extend telomeres in immortal tissues such as germ line, cancer cells and stem cells. It also followed from this hypothesis that organisms with circular genome, such as bacteria, do not have the end replication problem and therefore ...

  3. Telomeres in the cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomeres_in_the_cell_cycle

    (A) Telomere-bound proteins involved in preventing the activation of the DNA damage response checkpoint and of DSB repair mechanisms in S. cerevisiae (top) and in humans (bottom). (B) Overview of the normal function of telomere-shelterin complexes and the pathways activated by telomere shortening. [5]

  4. Telomerase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase

    When the cell does this due to telomere-shortening, the ends of different chromosomes can be attached to each other. This solves the problem of lacking telomeres, but during cell division anaphase, the fused chromosomes are randomly ripped apart, causing many mutations and chromosomal abnormalities. As this process continues, the cell's genome ...

  5. Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_lengthening_of...

    (a) Schematic of conservative replication of DNA by break-induced telomere synthesis. (b) Four potential sources of DNA/telomere sequence that can be copied during new telomere synthesis by ALT [1] The main alternative lengthening mechanism for telomeres is a type of homologous recombination called Break-induced Telomere Synthesis (or BITS). [1]

  6. Hayflick limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayflick_limit

    The typical normal human fetal cell will divide between 50 and 70 times before experiencing senescence. As the cell divides, the telomeres on the ends of chromosomes shorten. The Hayflick limit is the limit on cell replication imposed by the shortening of telomeres with each division. This end stage is known as cellular senescence.

  7. Subtelomere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtelomere

    Sgo2 remains in subtelomeres, whose cells lack telomere DNA. Sgo2 represses the expression of subtelomeric genes that is in a different pass-way from the H3K9me3- Swi6-mediated heterochromatin. Sgo2 has also repressive effects for timing of subtelomeres replication by suppressing Sld3, [25] a replication factor, at the start of the replication ...

  8. Shelterin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelterin

    Shelterin (also called telosome) is a protein complex known to protect telomeres in many eukaryotes from DNA repair mechanisms, as well as to regulate telomerase activity. In mammals and other vertebrates, telomeric DNA consists of repeating double-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' (G-strand) sequences (2-15 kilobases in humans) along with the 3'-AATCCC-5' (C-strand) complement, ending with a 50-400 ...

  9. Eukaryotic DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_DNA_replication

    Eukaryotic DNA replication is a conserved mechanism that ... These supercoils would cause DNA replication to halt if they were not removed. ... Telomeres extend the 3 ...