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Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (German:; 30 March 1811 [a] – 16 August 1899) was a German chemist.He investigated emission spectra of heated elements, and discovered caesium (in 1860) and rubidium (in 1861) with the physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. [11]
[note 1] [74] [75] [76] Caesium was the first element to be discovered with a spectroscope, which had been invented by Bunsen and Kirchhoff only a year previously. [ 17 ] To obtain a pure sample of caesium, 44,000 litres (9,700 imp gal; 12,000 US gal) of mineral water had to be evaporated to yield 240 kilograms (530 lb) of concentrated salt ...
Spectroscope of Kirchhoff and Bunsen. The systematic attribution of spectra to chemical elements began in the 1860s with the work of German physicists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, [30] who found that Fraunhofer lines correspond to emission spectral lines observed in laboratory light sources. This laid way for spectrochemical analysis in ...
In 1860, the unexpected appearance of sky-blue and dark red was observed in spectral emissions by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, leading to the discovery of two alkali metals, caesium and rubidium (dark red). [4] [1] Today, this low-cost method is used in secondary education to teach students to detect metals in samples qualitatively. [2]
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (German: [ˈgʊs.taf ˈkɪʁçhɔf]; 12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German physicist, mathematican and chemist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects.
1860–61: Discovery of caesium and rubidium by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff [139] 1860: Erlenmeyer flask by Emil Erlenmeyer [ 140 ] 1863–64: Discovery of indium by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter [ 141 ] [ 142 ] [ 143 ]
Bunsen was recruiting countless scientists to assist in his academic research. Christomanos was involved with Bunsen and his associates. He also worked at different chemical institutions. Around this period, Kirchhoff and Bunsen invented the spectroscope. Kirchhoff used the instrument to pioneer the identification of the elements in the Sun.
The age of classifying elements and Mendeleev's periodic table; application of spectrum analysis techniques: Boisbaudran, Bunsen, Crookes, Kirchhoff, and others "hunting emission line signatures" (14 elements)