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APA style (also known as APA format) is a writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly journal articles and books. It is commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social sciences, including sociology, education, nursing, criminal justice, anthropology, and psychology.
Council of Europe - English Style Guide, by the Council of Europe [2] English Style Guide ("A handbook for authors and translators in the European Commission" – executive branch of the European Union.) [3] Interinstitutional Style Guide. [4]
MLA Handbook grew out of the initial MLA Style Sheet of 1951 [5] (revised in 1970 [6] [7]), a 28-page "more or less official" standard. [8] The first five editions, published between 1977 and 1999 were titled MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations.
In English essay first meant "a trial" or "an attempt", and this is still an alternative meaning. The Frenchman Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592) was the first author to describe his work as essays; he used the term to characterize these as "attempts" to put his thoughts into writing.
Academic style has often been criticized for being too full of jargon and hard to understand by the general public. [11] [12] In 2022, Joelle Renstrom argued that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on academic writing and that many scientific articles now "contain more jargon than ever, which encourages misinterpretation, political spin, and a declining public trust in the ...
In literature, a work of fiction can refer to a flash narrative, short story, novella, and novel, the latter being the longest form of literary prose. Every work of fiction falls into a literary subgenre , each with its own style, tone, and storytelling devices.
By 2004, it was noted that the output of scientific papers originating from the European Union had a larger share of the world's total from 36.6% to 39.3% and from 32.8% to 37.5% of the "top one per cent of highly cited scientific papers". However, the United States' output dropped from 52.3% to 49.4% of the world's total, and its portion of ...
Chapbook – an early type of cheap popular literature printed in early modern Europe in booklet format; Tract – booklets used for religious and political purposes; Boxed Set – a compilation of books packaged in a box, for sale as a single unit; Braille book – a book that is traditionally written with embossed paper for the blind or ...