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Sclerosis (from Ancient Greek σκληρός (sklērós) 'hard') is the stiffening of a tissue or anatomical feature, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue. The structure may be said to have undergone sclerotic changes or display sclerotic lesions, which refers to the process of sclerosis.
Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis, or Mönckeberg's sclerosis, is a non-inflammatory form of arteriosclerosis (artery hardening), which differs from atherosclerosis traditionally. Calcium deposits are found in the muscular middle layer of the walls of arteries (the tunica media ) [ 1 ] with no obstruction of the lumen .
Balo concentric sclerosis, an unusual presentation of plaques forming concentric circles, which can sometimes get better spontaneously. Schilder disease or diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis: is a rare disease that presents clinically as a pseudotumoural demyelinating lesion; and is more common in children. [7] [8]
Drawing of sclerotic lesions from Babinski's thesis "Etude anatomique et clinique de la sclérose en plaques", 1885. Multiple sclerosis (MS) can be pathologically defined as the presence of distributed glial scars in the central nervous system that must show dissemination in time (DIT) and in space (DIS) to be considered MS lesions. [1] [2]
[10] and axon destruction. [11] Multiple sclerosis differs from other idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases in its confluent subpial cortical lesions. These types of lesions are the most specific finding for MS, being exclusively present in MS patients, though currently they can only be detected at autopsy. [12]
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) due to the unknown etiology of some of them, are a heterogenous group of demyelinating diseases - conditions that cause damage to myelin, the protective sheath of nerve fibers - that occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process.
Atherosclerosis [a] is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, [8] characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries.This is a chronic inflammatory disease involving many different cell types and driven by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. [9]
Sclerosis (also sclerosus in the Latin names of a few disorders) is a hardening of tissue and other anatomical features. It may refer to: Sclerosis (medicine), a hardening of tissue; in zoology, a process which forms sclerites, a hardened exoskeleton; in botany, a process which hardens plant tissue by adding fibers and sclereids, resulting in ...