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Manga (Japanese: 漫画, IPA: ⓘ [a]) are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. [1] Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, [2] and the form has a long history in earlier Japanese art. [3] The term manga is used in Japan to refer to both comics and cartooning. Outside of Japan, the word is ...
The form of manga as speech-balloon-based comics more specifically originated from translations of American comic strips in the 1920s; several early examples of such manga read left-to-right, with the longest-running pre-1945 manga being the Japanese translation of the American comic strip Bringing Up Father. [2]
The anime and manga industry forms an integral part of Japan's soft power as one of its most prominent cultural exports. [4] Anime are Japanese animated shows with a distinctive artstyle. Anime storylines can include fantasy or real life. They are famous for elements like vivid graphics and character expressions.
The aesthetic language and conventions of these media have increasingly come to represent the totality of Japanese art and culture abroad as well; the aesthetic of kawaii, for example, originally was derived from traditional concepts within Japanese art dating back to the 15th century, [75] but was explored within popular manga and anime series ...
Japanese comics are generally held separate from the evolution of Euro-American comics, and Western comic art probably originated in 17th-century Italy. [6] Modern Japanese comic strips emerged in the early 20th century, and the output of comic magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era (1945)– with the popularity of ...
Japanese manga has developed a visual language or iconography for expressing emotion and other internal character states. This drawing style has also migrated into anime , as many manga are adapted into television shows and films and some of the well-known animation studios are founded by manga artists.
The first anime adaptation of Shotaro Ishinomori's manga Cyborg 009 was created in 1968, following the film adaptation two years prior. 1969's "Attack no.1", the first shoujo sports anime was one of the first to have success in Japanese primetime and was also popular throughout Europe, particularly in Germany under the name "Mila Superstar."
Manga! The World of Japanese Comics is a 1983 book by Frederik L. Schodt . Published by the Japanese publisher Kodansha , it was the first substantial English-language work on Japanese comics , or manga , as an artistic , literary , commercial and sociological phenomenon.