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  2. Arctic ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_ecology

    The boreal forests in the interior of the continents grow on top of permafrost due to very cold winters (see drunken trees), though much of the boreal forest biome has patchy permafrost or lacks permafrost completely. The short (3–4 month) growing season in boreal forests is sustained by greater levels of rainfall than the tundra receives ...

  3. Taiga - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga

    Taiga or tayga (/ ˈ t aɪ ɡ ə / TY-gə; Russian: тайга́, IPA:), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga, or boreal forest, is the world's largest land biome. [1]

  4. Boreal ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boreal_ecosystem

    Boreal forest near Shovel Point in Tettegouche State Park, along the northern shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota.. A boreal ecosystem is an ecosystem with a subarctic climate located in the Northern Hemisphere, approximately between 50° and 70°N latitude.

  5. Scandinavian and Russian taiga - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_and_Russian_taiga

    The Scandinavian and Russian taiga is an ecoregion within the taiga and boreal forests biome as defined by the WWF classification (ecoregion PA0608). [1] It is situated in Northern Europe between tundra in the north and temperate mixed forests in the south and occupies about 2,156,900 km 2 (832,800 sq mi) in Norway, Sweden, Finland and the northern part of European Russia, being the largest ...

  6. Arctic vegetation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_vegetation

    As of 2005, arctic vegetation covered approximately 5 × 10 ^ 6 km 2 (1.9 × 10 ^ 6 sq mi) of land. [2] The area of Arctic vegetation decreased by approximately 1.4 × 10 ^ 6 km 2 (0.54 × 10 ^ 6 sq mi) from 1980 to 2000, with a corresponding increase in the boreal forest (taiga). [3] This decrease is linked to the warming of the Arctic due to ...

  7. Food web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

    A freshwater aquatic food web. The blue arrows show a complete food chain (algae → daphnia → gizzard shad → largemouth bass → great blue heron). A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.

  8. Natural resources of the Arctic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Natural_resources_of_the_Arctic

    The United States Geological Survey estimates that 22 percent of the world's oil and natural gas could be located beneath the Arctic. [1]Russia's undiscovered petroleum is estimated between 67 billion tons of oil equivalent (BTOE) according to the United States Geological Survey and 142 BTOE according to the Russian Academy of Sciences (in 2011, the world consumed 13 BTOE of energy, 31% from ...

  9. Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_boreal_birch...

    Because the island is young and isolated from larger land masses, species biodiversity is relatively low. Forest cover has been reduced to about 1% of the original birch forest by a long history of timber extraction and soil erosion caused by sheep grazing. Blanket bogs (areas of high rainfall and peat accumulation) are common. [1] [2] [3] [4]