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This therapy has shown to work best in conjunction with chemotherapeutics or other cancer therapies. [7] Although the EPR effect has been postulated to carry the nanoparticles and spread inside the cancer tissue, only a small percentage (0.7% median) of the total administered nanoparticle dose is usually able to reach a solid tumor. [8]
Carvedilol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared using hot-homogenization technique for oral delivery with compritol and poloxamer 188 as the lipid and surfactant, respectively. [22] Another example of drug delivery using SLN would be oral solid SLN suspended in distilled water, which was synthesized to trap drugs within the SLN structure.
Targeted delivery is believed to improve efficacy while reducing side-effects. When implementing a targeted release system, the following design criteria for the system must be taken into account: the drug properties, side-effects of the drugs, the route taken for the delivery of the drug, the targeted site, and the disease.
It can be directed to the location of cancer cells with sustained release behavior. Studies have also been done on gold nanoparticle responses to local near-infrared (NIR) light as a stimuli for drug release. In one study, gold nanoparticles functionalized with double-stranded DNA encapsulated with drug molecules, were irradiated with NIR light.
SLNs can be made by replacing the liquid lipid oil used in the emulsion process with a solid lipid. In solid lipid nanoparticles, the drug molecules are dissolved in the particle's solid hydrophobic lipid core, this is called the drug payload, and it is surrounded by an aqueous solution. [6]
The overall drug consumption and side-effects may be lowered significantly by depositing the active pharmaceutical agent in the diseased region only and in no higher dose than needed. Targeted drug delivery is intended to reduce the side effects of drugs in tandem decreases in consumption and treatment expenses.
Immunoliposome therapy is a targeted drug delivery method that involves the use of liposomes (artificial lipid bilayer vesicles) coupled with monoclonal antibodies to deliver therapeutic agents to specific sites or tissues in the body. [1]
As of 2009, the risks of nanobiotechnologies are poorly understood and in the U.S. there is no solid national consensus on what kind of regulatory policy principles should be followed. [33] For example, nanobiotechnologies may have hard to control effects on the environment or ecosystems and human health.