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  2. Opposite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite

    An antonym is one of a pair of words with opposite meanings. Each word in the pair is the antithesis of the other. A word may have more than one antonym. There are three categories of antonyms identified by the nature of the relationship between the opposed meanings.

  3. Lower court - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_court

    A lower court or inferior court is a court from which an appeal may be taken, usually referring to courts other than supreme court. [1] In relation to an appeal from one court to another, the lower court is the court whose decision is being reviewed, which may be the original trial court or some of appellate court lower in rank than the supreme ...

  4. Reductio ad absurdum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductio_ad_absurdum

    Reductio ad absurdum, painting by John Pettie exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1884. In logic, reductio ad absurdum (Latin for "reduction to absurdity"), also known as argumentum ad absurdum (Latin for "argument to absurdity") or apagogical argument, is the form of argument that attempts to establish a claim by showing that the opposite scenario would lead to absurdity or contradiction.

  5. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Appeal to fear – generating distress, anxiety, cynicism, or prejudice towards the opponent in an argument. [79] Appeal to flattery – using excessive or insincere praise to obtain common agreement. [80] Appeal to pity (argumentum ad misericordiam) – generating feelings of sympathy or mercy in the listener to obtain common agreement. [81]

  6. Appeal (disambiguation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appeal_(disambiguation)

    Appeal Isimirie, Nigerian taekwondo practitioner; Appeal (cricket), a request to an umpire for a ruling on whether a cricket batter is out; Appeal play, in baseball when a member of the defensive team calls the attention of an umpire to an infraction; Rhetorical appeals, devices used in rhetoric to persuade an audience, namely ethos, logos, and ...

  7. Appellate court - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appellate_court

    The Supreme Court of Maryland was known as the Court of Appeals, and the Appellate Court of Maryland was known as the Court of Special Appeals, until a 2022 constitutional amendment changed their names. Depending on the system, certain courts may serve as both trial courts and appellate courts, hearing appeals of decisions made by courts with ...

  8. Appellate procedure in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the...

    The appellate court cannot refuse to listen to the appeal. An appeal "by leave" or "permission" requires the appellant to obtain leave to appeal; in such a situation either or both of the lower court and the court may have the discretion to grant or refuse the appellant's demand to appeal the lower court's decision.

  9. Slothful induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slothful_induction

    Slothful induction, also called appeal to coincidence, is a fallacy in which an inductive argument is denied its proper conclusion, despite strong evidence for inference.An example of slothful induction might be that of a careless man who has had twelve accidents in the last six months and it is strongly evident that it was due to his negligence or rashness, yet keeps insisting that it is just ...