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The war communism period (1918–1921) which saw the forming of the International, the Russian Civil War, a general revolutionary upheaval after the October Revolution resulting in the formation of the first Communist parties across the world and the defeat of workers' revolutionary movements in Germany, Hungary, Finland and Poland.
The aftermath of the First World War in Italy resulted in great levels of unemployment and an economic crisis. For example, by the end of 1920, the Italian lira was worth only one-quarter of its 1914 value and in the first half of 1921, the cost of living for an average working-class family was 560% higher than it had been in 1914. [ 11 ]
Dalmatia, after the WWI, however, was not assigned to Italy but to Yugoslavia. After World War I (1914–1918), despite the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) being a full-partner Allied Power against the Central Powers, Italian nationalism claimed Italy was cheated in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919), thus the Allies had impeded Italy's ...
Political divisions of Europe in 1919 after the treaties of Brest-Litovsk and Versailles and before the treaties of Trianon, Kars, Riga and the creation of the Soviet Union, Irish Free State and Turkish Republic. A far-left and often explicitly communist revolutionary wave occurred in several European countries in 1917–1920, notably in ...
The Kingdom of Italy witnessed significant widespread civil unrest and political strife in the aftermath of World War I and the rise of Italian fascism, the far-right movement led by Benito Mussolini, which opposed the rise at the international level of the political left, especially the far-left along with others who opposed fascism.
Germany joined Italy by supporting the Nationalists under Francisco Franco with forces and supplies during the Spanish Civil War. Later, Germany and Italy signed the Anti-Comintern Pact which obligated the two regimes to oppose the Comintern and Soviet communism. By 1938, Mussolini allowed Hitler to carry out the Anschluss in exchange for an ...
Politically, the era coincided with the rise of communism, starting in Russia with the October Revolution and Russian Civil War, at the end of WWI, and ended with the rise of fascism, particularly in Germany and Italy.
Italy took the initiative in entering the war in spring 1915, despite strong popular and elite sentiment in favor of neutrality. Italy was a large, poor country whose political system was chaotic, its finances were heavily strained, and its army was very poorly prepared. [162] The Triple Alliance meant little either to Italians or Austrians.