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In Europe, ash cakes were made into a small, round and flat loaf, usually consisting of a little wheat and sometimes rye, baked under an inverted iron pan over which the ashes of the fire were heaped. [9] This was almost exclusively the bread of the peasants. [9] In French, this type of bread was called fougasse. [9]
While all were made with a top opening, which could be used as a small stove top, some were made with an opening at the bottom from which to stoke the fire. Built and used even before biblical times as the family, neighbourhood, or village oven, tabun ovens continue to be built and used in parts of the Middle East today. [1]
Today, such bread is known as an ash cake. Small stationary ovens were later introduced in Italy, built into a kitchen range. [41] Afterwards, even larger and more efficient ovens were made, namely, the furnus (masonry oven). [41] Another type included a portable version of the clibanus. [41]
In the Deipnosophistae, the author Athenaeus (c. 170 – c. 230 AD) describes some of the bread, cakes, and pastries available in the Classical world. [20] Among the breads mentioned are griddle cakes, honey-and-oil bread, mushroom-shaped loaves covered in poppy seeds, and the military specialty of rolls baked on a spit.
Soul cakes eaten during Halloween, All Saints' Day, and All Souls' Day. A soul cake, also known as a soulmass-cake, is a small round cake with sweet spices, which resembles a shortbread biscuit. It is traditionally made for Halloween, All Saints' Day, and All Souls' Day to commemorate the dead in many Christian traditions.
Baklava (/ b ɑː k l ə ˈ v ɑː, ˈ b ɑː k l ə v ɑː / ⓘ, [1] or / b ə ˈ k l ɑː v ə /; [2] Ottoman Turkish: باقلوا) is a layered pastry dessert made of filo pastry, filled with chopped nuts, and sweetened with syrup or honey.
Layer cakes, bundt cakes, square cakes, 4-foot-long cakes, birthday cakes, tiered cakes, tortes, wedding cakes, slumping cakes and cupcakes. "It's a cake potluck. Or a cake heaven, cake nirvana ...
The Dutch doed-koecks or 'dead-cakes', marked with the initials of the deceased, introduced into America in the 17th century, were long given to the attendants at funerals in old New York. The 'burial-cakes' which are still made in parts of rural England, for example Lincolnshire and Cumberland, are almost certainly a relic of sin-eating.