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In Europe, ash cakes were made into a small, round and flat loaf, usually consisting of a little wheat and sometimes rye, baked under an inverted iron pan over which the ashes of the fire were heaped. [9] This was almost exclusively the bread of the peasants. [9] In French, this type of bread was called fougasse. [9]
While all were made with a top opening, which could be used as a small stove top, some were made with an opening at the bottom from which to stoke the fire. Built and used even before biblical times as the family, neighbourhood, or village oven, tabun ovens continue to be built and used in parts of the Middle East today. [1]
Today, such bread is known as an ash cake. Small stationary ovens were later introduced in Italy, built into a kitchen range. [41] Afterwards, even larger and more efficient ovens were made, namely, the furnus (masonry oven). [41] Another type included a portable version of the clibanus. [41]
In the Deipnosophistae, the author Athenaeus (c. 170 – c. 230 AD) describes some of the bread, cakes, and pastries available in the Classical world. [20] Among the breads mentioned are griddle cakes, honey-and-oil bread, mushroom-shaped loaves covered in poppy seeds, and the military specialty of rolls baked on a spit.
Ancient Egypt, Rome and the Middle East, Germany: Honey-sweetened cake made by Jews, especially for the Jewish holiday of Rosh Hashanah. Lemon cake: Unknown, but likely England [22] A cake with a lemon flavor. [23] [24] Linzer Torte: Austria: A thick layer of cinnamon and clove spiced shortcrust topped with red currant jam and a lattice design ...
Baklava (/ b ɑː k l ə ˈ v ɑː, ˈ b ɑː k l ə v ɑː / ⓘ, [1] or / b ə ˈ k l ɑː v ə /; [2] Ottoman Turkish: باقلوا) is a layered pastry dessert made of filo pastry, filled with chopped nuts, and sweetened with syrup or honey.
Sesame seeds were used in the preparation of oil, were eaten dry, or were added to dishes such as stews as a flavoring; the leftovers after pressing out the oil were eaten in a cake form. [41] The Hebrew for sesame, shumshum , is related to the Akkadian samassammu , meaning "oil plant", as the seeds contain about 50% oil, which was pressed from ...
Basbousa is the most common name for this dessert in the Middle East but it may be named differently depending on the region; it is often called "hareesa" in the Levant. Note that "harissa" in North Africa is a spicy red sauce. It is a popular dessert offered in many sweets bakeries in the Middle East and especially popular during Ramadan.