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The Hester Rolls are a Cherokee census roll that was taken in 1883 by Joseph G. Hester. The census listed new citizens of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, whether by birth or by adoption. [1] Other Cherokee census rolls include: 1835 Census of Cherokees Living East of the Mississippi River (also known as the Henderson Roll) 1848 Mullay Roll
To be eligible to enroll in the Poarch Band of Creek Indians, people must be descended from one or more American Indians listed on one of three rolls: the 1870 U.S. Census of Escambia County, Alabama; 1900 U.S. Census of Escambia County, Alabama; or 1900 U.S. Special Indian Census of Monroe County, Alabama.
After Kansas became a state and the Civil War ended, European-American settlers pushed out the Native Americans. Like the Delaware, the two Chippewa bands were relocated to the Cherokee Nation in 1866. They were so few in number that they eventually merged with the Cherokee.
The Dawes Rolls (or Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes, or Dawes Commission of Final Rolls) were created by the United States Dawes Commission. The commission was authorized by United States Congress in 1893 to execute the General Allotment Act of 1887 .
In the nineteenth century, the U. S. Army sent contaminated blankets to Native Americans, especially Plains groups, to control the Indian problem." [ 158 ] In Brazil, well into the 20th century, deliberate infection attacks continued as Brazilian settlers and miners transported infections intentionally to the Native groups whose lands they coveted.
The United States census enumerated Whites and Blacks since 1790, Asians and Native Americans since 1860 (though all Native Americans in the U.S. were not enumerated until 1890), "some other race" since 1950, and "two or more races" since 2000. [2] Mexicans were counted as White from 1790 to 1930, unless of apparent non-European extraction. [13]
Map of the Former Territorial Limits of the Cherokee "Nation of" Indians Exhibiting Various Cessations Made by Them to the Colonies and the United States, C.C. Royce, 1884. The historic Cherokee settlements were Cherokee settlements established in Southeastern North America up to the removals of the early 19th century.
The Muscogee Nation, or Muscogee (Creek) Nation, [3] is a federally recognized Native American tribe based in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The nation descends from the historic Muscogee Confederacy, a large group of indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands. They commonly refer to themselves as Este Mvskokvlke (pronounced [isti ...