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Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If there is decreased secretion of one specific pituitary hormone, the condition is known as selective hypopituitarism. [ 3 ]
Hypopituitarism, the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland; Panhypopituitarism a decreased secretion of most of the pituitary hormones; Pituitary tumours; Pituitary adenomas, noncancerous tumors that occur in the pituitary gland
Examples of pituitary defects include hypopituitarism and pituitary hypoplasia. An example of a hypogonadism resulting from the lack of hormone response is androgen insensitivity syndrome, where there are inadequate receptors to bind the testosterone, resulting in varying clinical phenotypes of sexual characteristics despite XY chromosomes. [3]
After an episode of pituitary apoplexy, 80% of people develop hypopituitarism and require some form of hormone replacement therapy. [1] [2] The most common problem is growth hormone deficiency, which is often left untreated [1] [4] but may cause decreased muscle mass and strength, obesity and fatigue.
Pituitary gland. The cause of this condition is divided into primary and secondary, as follows: The cause of this condition in terms of secondary empty sella syndrome happens when a tumor or surgery damages the gland, this is an acquired manner of the condition.
The sella turcica is located in the sphenoid bone behind the chiasmatic groove and the tuberculum sellae.It belongs to the middle cranial fossa. [1]The sella turcica's most inferior portion is known as the hypophyseal fossa (the "seat of the saddle"), and contains the pituitary gland (hypophysis).
The exact prevalence of this syndrome is difficult to define because the incidence varies so much from country to country. Sheehan syndrome is more prevalent in developing countries than developed countries. [15] In a study from the United Kingdom in 2001 only 1.4% of patients with hypopituitarism were diagnosed with Sheehan's syndrome. [6]
PSIS is a common cause of congenital hypopituitarism, and causes a permanent growth hormone deficit. Some PSIS-affected individuals may also present with adrenal hypoplasia (5–29%), diabetes insipidus (5–29%), primary amenorrhea (5–29%), hypothyroidism (30–79%), failure to thrive (80–99%), septooptic dysplasia (5–29%), and Fanconi ...