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The foramen lacerum (Latin: lacerated piercing) is a triangular hole in the base of skull. It is located between 3 bones: sphenoid bone (forming the anterior border) [1]: 776 apex of petrous part of temporal bone (forming the posterolateral border) [1]: 776 [2] basilar part of occipital bone (forming the posteromedial border) [1]: 776
It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the anterior clinoid processes, and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove; behind, by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellae; laterally by the temporal squamae, sphenoidal angles of ...
Apical foramen, the opening at the tip of the root of a tooth; Foramen ovale (heart), an opening between the venous and arterial sides of the fetal heart; Foramen transversarium, one of a pair of openings in each cervical vertebra, in which the vertebral artery travels; Greater sciatic foramen, a major foramen of the pelvis
The pterygoid canal (also vidian canal) is a passage in the sphenoid bone of the skull leading from just anterior to the foramen lacerum in the middle cranial fossa to the pterygopalatine fossa.
The sphenoidal emissary foramen varies in size in different individuals, and is not always present on both sides of the sphenoid bone (one on each great wing of the sphenoid). In a study conducted under 100 skulls, the sphenoidal emissary foramen was only present in 17% of the cases, and it was always single. [3]
Inferiorly: foramen lacerum, and the junction of the body and greater wing of sphenoid bone. Medially: pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri), and sphenoidal air sinus. [3] Laterally: temporal lobe with uncus. Anteriorly: superior orbital fissure, and the apex of the orbit. Posteriorly: apex of petrous temporal bone.
posterior: root of the pterygoid process and adjoining anterior surface of the greater wing of sphenoid bone; medial: perpendicular plate of the palatine bone and its orbital and sphenoidal processes; lateral: pterygomaxillary fissure; inferior: part of the floor is formed by the pyramidal process of the palatine bone.
It slopes gradually to the anterior part of the basilar occipital bone at its junction with the sphenoid bone. Synchondrosis of these two bones forms the clivus. On axial planes, it sits just posterior to the sphenoid sinuses. It is medial to the foramen lacerum and proximal to the anastomosis of the internal carotid artery with the Circle of ...