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From early primates to hominids and finally to Homo sapiens, the brain gets progressively larger - with the exception of extinct Neanderthals whose brain size exceeded that of modern Homo sapiens. The volume of the human brain has increased as humans have evolved (see Homininae), starting from about 600 cm 3 in Homo habilis up to 1680 cm 3 in ...
The minimum cranial capacity for the species Homo sapiens is generally set at 900cc. [1] One of the reasons for the proposal to exclude Homo habilis from the genus Homo, and renaming it as "Australopithecus habilis", is the small capacity of their cranium (363cc -600 cc).
The evolutionary history of the human brain shows primarily a gradually bigger brain relative to body size during the evolutionary path from early primates to hominins and finally to Homo sapiens. This trend that has led to the present day human brain size indicates that there has been a 2-3 factor increase in size over the past 3 million years ...
For 28 modern human specimens from 190 to 25 thousand years ago, average brain volume was estimated to have been about 1,478 cc (90.2 cu in), and for 13 Cro-Magnons about 1,514 cc (92.4 cu in). In comparison, present-day humans average 1,350 cc (82 cu in), which is notably smaller.
However, modern Homo sapiens have a brain volume slightly smaller (1250 cm 3) than neanderthals, and the Flores hominids (Homo floresiensis), nicknamed hobbits, had a cranial capacity of about 380 cm 3 (considered small for a chimpanzee) about a third of that of Homo erectus.
For example, the average cranial capacity for Australopithecines is 440 cc, and the post-orbital constriction index is 0.66. [1] [5] However, with the evolutionary change in brain size in Australopithecines to the Homo genus, the average cranial capacity for Homo Habilis is 640 cc, and the post-orbital constriction index is 0.72.
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The sequence of human evolution from Australopithecus (four million years ago) to Homo sapiens (modern humans) was marked by a steady increase in brain size. [264] [265] As brain size increased, this altered the size and shape of the skull, [266] from about 600 cm 3 in Homo habilis to an average of about 1520 cm 3 in Homo neanderthalensis. [267]