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Cooke and Wheatstone's five-needle telegraph from 1837 Morse telegraph Hughes telegraph, an early (1855) teleprinter built by Siemens and Halske. Electrical telegraphy is a point-to-point text messaging system, primarily used from the 1840s until the late 20th century.
Tarr, Joel A., Thomas Finholt, and David Goodman. "The city and the telegraph: urban telecommunications in the pre-telephone era." Journal of Urban History 14.1 (1987): 38–80. Thompson, Robert Luther. Wiring a Continent: The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States, 1832-1866 (1947) ends in 1866; emphasis on Western Union online
The earliest true telegraph put into widespread use was the Chappe telegraph, an optical telegraph invented by Claude Chappe in the late 18th century. The system was used extensively in France, and European nations occupied by France, during the Napoleonic era. The electric telegraph started to replace the optical telegraph in the mid-19th century.
The timeline of North American telegraphy is a chronology of notable events in the history of the electric telegraphy in the United States and Canada, including the rapid spread of telegraphic communications starting from 1844 and completion of the first transcontinental telegraph line in 1861.
A flat rate was charged (unlike all later telegraph services which charged per word) of one shilling, but many people paid this just to see the strange equipment. [18] From this point on, the use of the electric telegraph started to grow on the new railways being built from London.
The first working telegraph was built by Francis Ronalds in 1816 and used static electricity. [ 11 ] Charles Wheatstone and William Fothergill Cooke patented a five-needle, six-wire system, which entered commercial use in 1838. [ 12 ]
Hubbard, Geoffrey, Cooke and Wheatstone and the Invention of the Electric Telegraph, Routledge\, 2013 ISBN 978-1-135-02850-3. Huurdeman, Anton A., The Worldwide History of Telecommunications, Wiley, 2003 ISBN 978-0-471-20505-0.
Part of a document showing the company seal 1854 stamps of the Electric Telegraph Company An Electric & International Telegraph Company telegram and envelope, 28 July 1868. The Electric Telegraph Company (ETC) was a British telegraph company founded in 1846 by William Fothergill Cooke and John Ricardo. It was the world's first public telegraph ...