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Ascorbic acid exists as two enantiomers (mirror-image isomers), commonly denoted "l" (for "levo") and "d" (for "dextro"). The l isomer is the one most often encountered: it occurs naturally in many foods, and is one form (" vitamer ") of vitamin C , an essential nutrient for humans and many animals.
As the sodium salt of ascorbic acid, it is known as a mineral ascorbate. It has not been demonstrated to be more bioavailable than any other form of vitamin C supplement. [2] Sodium ascorbate normally provides 131 mg of sodium per 1,000 mg of ascorbic acid (1,000 mg of sodium ascorbate contains 889 mg of ascorbic acid and 111 mg of sodium).
For example, the ascorbic acid content of pituitary and adrenal glands can exceed 2,000 μmol/L, and muscle is at 200–300 μmol/L. [61] The known coenzymatic functions of ascorbic acid do not require such high concentrations, so there may be other, as yet unknown functions.
It is the potassium salt of ascorbic acid and a mineral ascorbate. As a food additive, it has E number E303, INS number 303. Although it is not a permitted food additive in the UK, USA and the EU, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] it is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand. [ 4 ]
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Calcium ascorbate is a compound with the molecular formula CaC 12 H 14 O 12.It is the calcium salt of ascorbic acid, one of the mineral ascorbates.It is approximately 10% calcium by mass.
An example of a mineral ascorbate drug is sodium ascorbate injections (the acid form, ascorbic acid, of vitamin c is too acidic for injections). Ascorbate salts may be better tolerated by the human body than the corresponding weakly acidic ascorbic acid. Ascorbates are highly reactive antioxidants used as food preservatives. [2]
Myrosinase is activated by l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) under the influence of the pH, [8] and higher myrosinase activity has been shown in damaged cabbage leaves, while its activity is reduced by cooking the leaves, although the glucosinolates can then be transformed to allyl cyanide by microflora in the intestines. [9]