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Blue toe syndrome is a situation that may reflect atherothrombotic (clots resulting from the build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls) [1] microembolism, causing transient focal ischaemia, a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain or spinal cord, [2] occasionally with minor apparent tissue loss, but without diffuse forefoot ischemia. [3]
There are also a number of other conditions that affect hands, feet, and parts of the face with associated skin color changes that need to be differentiated from acrocyanosis: Raynaud phenomenon, pernio, acrorygosis, erythromelalgia, and blue finger syndrome. The diagnosis may be challenging in some cases, especially when these syndromes co-exist.
Typically the fingers, and, less commonly, the toes, are involved. [1] Rarely, the nose, ears, nipples, or lips are affected. [1] The episodes classically result in the affected part turning white and then blue. [2] Often, numbness or pain occurs. [2] As blood flow returns, the area turns red and burns. [2]
When Smith has an attack, her fingers become white, then yellow and eventually blue. Her toes and ears do the same. If she tries to grab something with her hand, she can’t feel it.
Furthermore, mongolian spots, large birthmarks, and the consumption of food products with blue or purple dyes can also result in the bluish skin tissue discoloration and may be mistaken for cyanosis. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Appropriate physical examination and history taking is a crucial part to diagnose cyanosis.
The symptoms experienced in cholesterol embolism depend largely on the organ involved. Non-specific symptoms often described are fever, muscle ache and weight loss.Embolism to the legs causes a mottled appearance and purple discoloration of the toes, small infarcts and areas of gangrene due to tissue death that usually appear black, and areas of the skin that assume a marbled pattern known as ...
“I saw two adults over this kid and ran over to see it was Pyper on the ground, and she started turning blue.” Girl, 12, collapses during soccer from cardiac arrest. (Courtesy Matt Midkiff)
Affected feet may become numb, affected by erythrosis (turning red) or cyanosis (turning blue) as a result of poor vascular supply, and feet may begin to have a decaying odour due to the possibility of the early stages of necrosis setting in. As the condition worsens, feet may also begin to swell.