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The fungal ancestors of stem rust have infected grasses for millions of years and wheat crops for as long as they have been grown. [7] According to Jim Peterson, professor of wheat breeding and genetics at Oregon State University, "Stem rust destroyed more than 20% of U.S. wheat crops several times between 1917 and 1935, and losses reached 9% twice in the 1950s," with the last U.S. outbreak in ...
Puccinia graminis is a macrocyclic heteroecious fungus that causes wheat stem rust disease. [citation needed] The sexual stage in this fungus occurs on the alternate host – barberry – and not wheat. The durable spore type produced on the alternate host allows the disease to persist in wheat even in more inhospitable environments.
Ug99 is a lineage of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), which is present in wheat fields in several countries in Africa and the Middle East and is predicted to spread rapidly through these regions and possibly further afield, potentially causing a wheat production disaster that would affect food security worldwide. [1]
The current wheat stem rust, leaf rust, and yellow stripe rust epidemics spreading from East Africa into the Indian subcontinent are caused by rust fungi Puccinia graminis and P. striiformis. Other epidemics include chestnut blight, as well as recurrent severe plant diseases such as rice blast, soybean cyst nematode, and citrus canker. [1] [2]
Wheat rusts include three types of Pucciniae: P. triticina , wheat leaf rust , leaf rust, wheat brown rust, or brown rust P. graminis , stem rust , wheat stem rust, barley stem rust, or black rust
Wheat rosette stunt see Cereal northern mosaic Wheat soilborne mosaic genus Furovirus, Wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (SBWMV) Wheat soilborne yellow mosaic Wheat soil-borne yellow mosaic virus: Wheat spindle streak mosaic a strain of Wheat yellow mosaic virus: Wheat spot mosaic Probable virus or phytoplasma Wheat streak mosaic
Wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is a fungal disease that affects wheat, barley, rye stems, leaves and grains. In temperate zones it is destructive on winter wheat because the pathogen overwinters .
Cronartium ribicola (White pine blister rust): the primary host are white pines, and currants the secondary. Hemileia vastatrix (Coffee rust): the primary host is coffee plant, and the alternate host is unknown. Puccinia graminis (Stem rust): the primary hosts include Kentucky bluegrass, barley, and wheat; barberry is the alternate host.