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Thus, centipedes are most commonly found in high-humidity environments to avoid dehydration, [38] and are mostly nocturnal. [39] Centipedes live in many different habitats including in soil and leaf litter; they are found in environments as varied as tropical rain forests, [25] deserts, [40] and caves. [41]
A centipede bite is an injury resulting from the action of a centipede's forcipules, stinger-like appendages that pierce the skin and inject venom into the wound. Such a wound is not strictly speaking a bite, as the forcipules are a modified first pair of legs rather than true mouthparts.
They are sometimes known as poison claws or jaw legs, [4] referencing their evolution from maxillipeds, a term which they are also sometimes known by in the context of centipedes (maxillipeds, maxillipedes). Other names include toxicognaths (from toxic + the Greek gnathos, jaw), [5] prehensors, telopodites, and forcipulae (singular forcipula).
House centipedes lay their eggs in spring. In a laboratory observation of 24 house centipedes, an average of 63 and a maximum of 151 eggs were laid. As with many other arthropods, the larvae look like miniature versions of the adult, albeit with fewer legs. Young centipedes have four pairs of legs when they are hatched.
This centipede can deliver a painful bite if handled; they feed on spiders, insects, earthworms, and even smaller centipedes. Adults are active throughout the year. [ 5 ] The eastern red centipede is capable of thermoregulating and maintaining performance across a broad range of temperatures.
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These centipedes are yellow and may grow up to 45 millimetres (1.8 in) in length. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] They are sightless, and rely on specialised sensory organs to sense movement, humidity and light. [ 10 ] Like other myriapods , they have an exoskeleton and a pair of antennae on their head and rear. [ 11 ]