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A security hacker or security researcher is someone who explores methods for breaching defenses and exploiting weaknesses in a computer system or network. [1] Hackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, such as profit, protest, information gathering, [2] challenge, recreation, [3] or evaluation of a system weaknesses to assist in formulating defenses against potential hackers.
A hacker is a person skilled in information technology who achieves goals by non-standard means. The term has become associated in popular culture with a security hacker – someone with knowledge of bugs or exploits to break into computer systems and access data which would otherwise be inaccessible to them.
Website defacement: Lapsus$ hackers replaced the content of a website. The stereotype of a hacker is an individual working for themself. However, many cyber threats are teams of well-resourced experts. [44] "Growing revenues for cyber criminals are leading to more and more attacks, increasing professionalism and highly specialized attackers.
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Cyber criminal can be broken down into three sub-groups: mass scammers/automated hackers, criminal infrastructure providers, and big game hunters. [3] Mass scammers and automated hackers include cyber criminals who attacks a system to gain monetary success. These threat actors use tools to infect organization computer systems.
Individual hackers and hacking groups should be categorized into related categories. See also the categories Cybercriminals , Hacker culture , People associated with computer security , and Phreaking
Black hat hackers may be novices or experienced criminals. They are usually competent infiltrators of computer networks and can circumvent security protocols. They may create malware, a form of software that enables illegitimate access to computer networks, enables the monitoring of victims' online activities, and may lock infected devices.
In the infancy of the hacker subculture and the computer underground, [3] criminal convictions were rare because there was an informal code of ethics that was followed by white hat hackers. [4] Proponents of hacking claim to be motivated by artistic and political ends, but are often unconcerned about the use of criminal means to achieve them. [ 5 ]