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This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets, but excludes lunar missions, which are listed separately at List of lunar probes and List of Apollo missions.
The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the ...
makes first discussion of geostationary satellites as a means of communication. UK Arthur C. Clarke: 10 May 1946: First space research flight (cosmic radiation experiments). United States captured and improved V-2 rocket 24 October 1946: First pictures of Earth from 105 km (65 mi). United States V-2 [4] [5] 20 February 1947 First animals in ...
Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in diameter. The earliest published discovery of a moon other than Earth's was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three ...
Moon: Success: Queqiao-2 relay satellite for far side of the Moon with Tiandu-1 and 2 to test future lunar satellite constellation technologies. China: Chang'e 6: Moon: Success: Orbiter, Returner, Ascent Stage, Lander, Rover configuration mission, China's first automated return of samples from the far side of the Moon. orbiter visited L2 ...
Human presence in space; List of missions to the Moon; List of missions to Venus; List of missions to Mars; List of Solar System probes; List of interplanetary voyages; List of space telescopes; New Frontiers program; Out of the Cradle – 1984 book about scientific speculation on future missions. Space Race; Timeline of artificial satellites ...
Solar System space probes operational as of November 2024. This is a list of active space probes which have escaped Earth orbit. It includes lunar space probes, but does not include space probes orbiting at the Sun–Earth Lagrangian points (for these, see List of objects at Lagrangian points). A craft is deemed "active" if it is still able to ...
The first successful probe to fly by another Solar System body was Luna 1, which sped past the Moon in 1959. Originally meant to impact with the Moon, it instead missed its target and became the first artificial object to orbit the Sun. Mariner 2 was the first planetary flyby , passing Venus in 1962.