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A castrated male steer, occasionally a female or in some areas an intact bull that is trained and kept for draft or riding purposes is called an ox (plural oxen); ox may also be used to refer to some carcass products from any adult cattle, such as ox-hide, ox-blood, oxtail, or ox-liver. [3] A springer is a cow or heifer that is close to calving ...
Cattle have some 22,000 genes, of which 80% are shared with humans; they have about 1000 genes that they share with dogs and rodents, but not with humans. Using this bovine "HapMap", researchers can track the differences between breeds that affect meat and milk yields. [65]
An ox (pl.: oxen), also known as a bullock (in British, Australian, and Indian English), [1] is a large bovine, trained and used as a draft animal. Oxen are commonly castrated adult male cattle , because castration inhibits testosterone and aggression, which makes the males docile and safer to work with.
The difference between the selling price for live cattle and the costs of purchasing feeder cattle and feed (usually assumed to be corn, regardless of actual mix of feed used) is referred to as livestock gross margin (LGM), feeding margin, or cattle crush (as opposed to production margin, which also includes other production costs). [21]
The word livestock was first used between 1650 and 1660, as a compound word combining the words "live" and "stock". [6] In some periods, "cattle" and "livestock" have been used interchangeably. Today, [specify] the modern meaning of cattle is domesticated bovines, while livestock has a wider sense. [7]
In the 1950s cattle were imported from and exported to North America. The Canadian Highland Cattle Society was officially registered in 1964 and currently registers all purebred cattle in Canada. [15] Towards the end of the 1990s, there was a large semen and embryo trade between the UK and Canada.
One of the most difficult animals to muster are aged feral steers (US) or piker bullocks (AU), which were "micky bulls" (uncastrated young male cattle) that were caught, castrated and then later lost and grew up in the wild. [5] These bullocks often tend to live alone and are usually stronger than cows and young cattle. An old "piker" bullock
Zebu oxen in Mumbai. The domestication of bovids has contributed to shifting the dependence of human beings from hunting and gathering to agriculture. The Bovidae includes three domesticated species whose use has spread around the world: cattle, sheep, and goats; all are from Eurasia.