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The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian War of 1792 and the Targowica Confederation of 1792, and was approved by its territorial beneficiaries, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.
The partition of Poland according to the German–Soviet Pact; division of Polish territories in the years 1939–1941. The term "Fourth Partition of Poland" may refer to any subsequent division of Polish lands, including: after the Napoleonic era, the 1815 division of the Duchy of Warsaw at the Congress of Vienna;
Following three consecutive partitions of Poland carried out between 1772 and 1795, the sovereign state known as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth disappeared from the map of Europe. In 1918 following the end of World War I , the territories of the former state re-emerged as the states of Poland and Lithuania among others.
While the term "Poland" was also commonly used to denote this whole polity, Poland was in fact only part of a greater whole – the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which comprised primarily two parts: the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Poland proper), colloquially "the Crown"; and; the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, colloquially "Lithuania".
The Second Partition (1793) 18 new voivodeships of the partitioned Commonwealth created by Grodno Sejm Grodno Sejm ( Polish : Sejm grodzieński ; Lithuanian : Gardino seimas ) was the last Sejm (session of parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth .
A History of Poland, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2004, ISBN 0-333-97254-6; Sanford, George. Historical Dictionary of Poland. Scarecrow Press, 2003. 291 pp. Wandycz, Piotr S. "Poland's Place in Europe in the Concepts of Piłsudski and Dmowski," East European Politics & Societies (1990) 4#3 pp 451–468. Wróbel, Piotr.
The first 20th-century incarnation of Poland, the Second Polish Republic, occupied 389,720 km 2 (150,470 sq mi), while, since 1945, a more westerly Poland covered 312,677 km 2 (120,725 sq mi). [ 5 ] The Poles are the most numerous of the West Slavs and occupy what some believe to be the original homeland of the Slavic peoples .
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, [b] formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania [c] and also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic, [d] [9] [10] was a federative real union [11] between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795.