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Quine's paradox is a paradox concerning truth values, stated by Willard Van Orman Quine. [1] It is related to the liar paradox as a problem, and it purports to show that a sentence can be paradoxical even if it is not self-referring and does not use demonstratives or indexicals (i.e. it does not explicitly refer to itself).
Critical theorist Jürgen Habermas (1985) accused structuralists like Foucault of being positivists; Foucault, while not an ordinary positivist per se, paradoxically uses the tools of science to criticize science, according to Habermas. [29] (See Performative contradiction and Foucault–Habermas debate.)
Demographic-economic paradox: nations or subpopulations with higher GDP per capita are observed to have fewer children, even though a richer population can support more children. Downs–Thomson paradox: Increasing road capacity at the expense of investments in public transport can make overall congestion on the road worse.
Per se may refer to: per se, a Latin phrase meaning "by itself" or "in itself". Illegal per se, the legal usage in criminal and antitrust law; Negligence per se, legal use in tort law; Per Se (restaurant), a New York City restaurant
Although statements can be self referential without being paradoxical ("This statement is written in English" is a true and non-paradoxical self-referential statement), self-reference is a common element of paradoxes. One example occurs in the liar paradox, which is commonly formulated as the self-referential statement "This statement is false ...
per curiam: through the senate: Legal term meaning "by the court", as in a per curiam decision: per definitionem: through the definition: Thus, "by definition" per diem (pd.) by day: Thus, "per day". A specific amount of money an organization allows an individual to spend per day, typically for travel expenses. per fas et nefas: through right ...
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Peirce regarded logic per se as a division of philosophy, as a normative science based on esthetics and ethics, as more basic than metaphysics, [118] and as "the art of devising methods of research". [142] More generally, as inference, "logic is rooted in the social principle", since inference depends on a standpoint that, in a sense, is ...