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The vinylsulfone group reacts with the nucleophilic functional groups of the fibers by Michael addition to form a covalent ether bond: Reaction of vinyl sulfone compounds with hydroxyl groups of cellulose (HO-CELL) An unfavorable side reaction in the dyeing process is the conversion of the vinylsulfone group to the 2-(hydroxy)ethylsulfonyl ...
N 3 C 3 Cl 2 (NHdye) + HO-cellulose → N 3 C 3 Cl(NHdye)(O-cellulose) + HCl. The fixation process is conducted in a buffered alkaline dye bath. [citation needed] An alternative fixation process that is more dominant commercially is the vinylsulfonyl group. Like the chlorotriazines, this functional group adds to the hydroxyl groups of cellulose.
AKD's feature hydrophobic alkyl groups extending from a beta-propiolactone ring. A specific example is derived from the dimerization of the ketene of stearic acid. This ketene is generated by pyrolysis of stearoyl chloride. [2] AKD's react with the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose via esterification reaction. The esterification is competitive ...
In terms of their mode of action, the anhydride is proposed to react with the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose, forming an ester. The alkenyl side-chain modifies the surface properties of the paper product. [2] The application is similar to that for alkyl ketene dimers. In the United States alkenylsuccinic anhydrides are the preferred paper ...
Dimethylol ethylene urea (DMEU) bonds with the hydroxyl groups present in long cellulose chains and prevents the formation hydrogen bonding between the chains, the primary cause of wrinkling. [6] This treatment produces permanently wrinkle-resistant fabrics and is different from the effects achieved from using fabric softeners .
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or cellulose gum [1] is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH 2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone. It is often used in its sodium salt form, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. It used to be marketed under the name Tylose, a ...
Cellulose occurs naturally in some foods and is an additive in manufactured foods, contributing an indigestible component used for texture and bulk, potentially aiding in defecation. [71] Building material: Hydroxyl bonding of cellulose in water produces a sprayable, moldable material as an alternative to the use of plastics and resins.
The anhydroglucose unit is the fundamental repeating structure of cellulose and has three hydroxyl groups which can react to form acetate esters. The most common form of cellulose acetate fiber has an acetate group on approximately two of every three hydroxyls. This cellulose diacetate is known as secondary acetate, or simply as "acetate".