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Cleveite was the first known terrestrial source of helium, which is created over time by alpha decay of the uranium and accumulates trapped (occluded) within the mineral. The first sample of helium was obtained by William Ramsay in 1895 when he treated a sample of the mineral with acid. [3]
Terrestrial helium consists almost exclusively (all but ~2ppm) [16] of 4 He. 4 He's boiling point of 4.2 K is the lowest of all known substances except 3 He. When cooled further to 2.17 K, it becomes a unique superfluid with zero viscosity. It solidifies only at pressures above 25 atmospheres, where it melts at 0.95 K.
Helium is a commonly used carrier gas for gas chromatography. The age of rocks and minerals that contain uranium and thorium can be estimated by measuring the level of helium with a process known as helium dating. [28] [30] Helium at low temperatures is used in cryogenics and in certain cryogenic applications.
The idea for the polar wind originated with the desire to solve the paradox of the terrestrial helium budget. This paradox consists of the fact that helium in the Earth's atmosphere seems to be produced (via radioactive decay of uranium and thorium) faster than it is lost by escaping from the upper atmosphere. The realization that some helium ...
A major source of differentiation is ... The helium atom has vibrations in the ... Terrestrial planets are believed to have come from the same nebular material as the ...
Pure-play helium, also known as primary helium or green helium is helium that is extracted from the earth as the main product. Since the early 20th century, most of the world's helium supply has been extracted from natural gas as part of the nitrogen rejection process. The preference for primary helium is driven by the planned reduction in use ...
Helium production and storage in the United States, 1940-2014 (data from USGS) In 1903, an oil exploration well at Dexter, Kansas, produced a gas that would not burn.. Kansas state geologist Erasmus Haworth took samples of the gas back to the University of Kansas at Lawrence where chemists Hamilton Cady and David McFarland discovered that gas contained 1.84 percent
The atmospheres on hycean planets are thought to be made up of hydrogen, helium, and water vapor. [1] Dark hycean planets thought to be common around red dwarf stars. [13] Red dwarf stars are the most common type of star in the Milky Way galaxy. [14] They are considered to be a promising place to search for life beyond Earth.