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The acceptance of drug-taking in the Tour de France was so complete by 1930, when the race changed to national teams that were to be paid for by the organisers, that the rule book distributed to riders by the organiser, Henri Desgrange, reminded them that drugs were not among items with which they would be provided. [16]
In 1886, a Welsh cyclist is popularly reputed to have died after drinking a blend of cocaine, caffeine and strychnine, supposedly in the Bordeaux–Paris race. This was included in the 1997 International Olympic Committee study on the Historical Evolution of Doping Phenomenon, and listed as the presumed first death due to doping during a competition.
Jeroen Blijlevens admitted he started to use EPO in Tour de France 1997, and continued to use the drug in Tour de France 1998. [21] Laurent Jalabert's lawyer released this statement on behalf of the rider: "... he followed the prescriptions of the medical staff at his successive teams. Although no element of law has been officially notified to ...
Drugs with similar structures and biological activity are also banned because new designer drugs of this sort are always being developed in order to beat the drug tests. Caffeine, a stimulant known to improve performance, is currently not on the banned list. It was listed until 2004, with a maximum allowed level of 12 micrograms per millilitre ...
Tour de France General classification (1986, 1989, ... LeMond is a longtime vocal opponent of performance-enhancing drug use. ... 3rd Overall Tour de France
The Tour de France is an annual road bicycle race held over 23 days in July. Established in 1903 by newspaper L'Auto, the Tour is the best-known and most prestigious of cycling's three "Grand Tours"; the others are the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España. [1]
The oldest and most sought-after classification in the Tour de France is the general classification. [85] [86] All of the stages are timed to the finish. [86] The riders' times are compounded with their previous stage times; so the rider with the lowest aggregate time is the leader of the race.
Floyd Landis on the 2006 Tour de France. Since the introduction of doping tests in 1964, many cyclists were caught in the Tour de France. In recent years, 1996 Tour de France winner Bjarne Riis and points classification winner Erik Zabel, along with most of their Team Telekom team-mates, confessed to using erythropoietin (EPO).