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Species-focused databases contain information summarised at the species-level. Some species-focused databases attempt to compile comprehensive data about particular species ( FishBase ), while others focus on particular species attributes, such as checklists of species in a given area (FEOW) or the conservation status of species ( CITES or IUCN ...
Aquatic plants have adapted to live in either freshwater or saltwater. Aquatic vascular plants have originated on multiple occasions in different plant families; [5] [9] they can be ferns or angiosperms (including both monocots and dicots). The only angiosperms capable of growing completely submerged in seawater are the seagrasses. [10]
Most oceanic species (78 per cent, or 44 per cent of all fish species), live near the shoreline. These coastal fish live on or above the relatively shallow continental shelf. Only 13 per cent of all fish species live in the open ocean, off the shelf. Of these, 1 per cent are epipelagic, 5 per cent are pelagic, and 7 per cent are deep water. [16]
Fish need dissolved oxygen to survive, although their tolerance to low oxygen varies among species; in extreme cases of low oxygen, some fish even resort to air gulping. [27] Plants often have to produce aerenchyma, while the shape and size of leaves may also be altered. [28] Conversely, oxygen is fatal to many kinds of anaerobic bacteria. [24]
Aquatic plants are used to give the freshwater aquarium a natural appearance, oxygenate the water, absorb ammonia, and provide habitat for fish, especially fry (babies) and for invertebrates. Some aquarium fish and invertebrates also eat live plants. Hobbyists use aquatic plants for aquascaping, of several aesthetic styles.
Fish and other aquatic animals are the primary consumers in an aquaponic system, providing a source of protein and nutrients for the plants. A variety of fish species can be used in aquaponic systems, including tilapia, goldfish, and koi. Fish help to fertilize the plants by producing 'waste' that is rich in nutrients
Fish account for more than half of vertebrate species. As of 2016, there are over 32,000 described species of bony fish, over 1,100 species of cartilaginous fish, and over 100 hagfish and lampreys. A third of these fall within the nine largest families; from largest to smallest, these are Cyprinidae , Gobiidae , Cichlidae , Characidae ...
Fish that consume detritus and gain energy by processing its organic material are called detritivores. Omnivores ingest a wide variety of prey, encompassing floral, faunal, and detrital material. Finally, members of the parasitic guild acquire nutrition from a host species, usually another fish or large vertebrate. [2]