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In addition to SQLSTATE the SQL command GET DIAGNOSTICS offers more details about the last executed SQL command. In very early versions of the SQL standard the return code was called SQLCODE and used a different coding schema.
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Functionality like these "finally" clauses can be implemented by a goto to the single return point of the subroutine. An alternative solution is to use the normal stack unwinding (variable deallocation) at function exit to unallocate resources, such as via destructors on local variables, or similar mechanisms such as Python's "with" statement.
The code associated with a graceful exit may also take additional steps, such as closing files, to ensure that the program leaves data in a consistent, recoverable state. Graceful exits are not always desired.
In SQL procedures, a cursor makes it possible to define a result set (a set of data rows) and perform complex logic on a row by row basis. By using the same mechanics, a SQL procedure can also define a result set and return it directly to the caller of the SQL procedure or to a client application.
A C program may also use the exit() function specifying the integer status or exit macro as the first parameter. The return value from main is passed to the exit function, which for values zero, EXIT_SUCCESS or EXIT_FAILURE may translate it to "an implementation defined form" of successful termination or unsuccessful termination. [citation needed]
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C does not provide direct support to exception handling: it is the programmer's responsibility to prevent errors in the first place and test return values from the functions.