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The first medical use of fumaric acid was described in 1959 by Walter Schweckendiek, a German chemist, [15] and was a topical formulation for psoriasis. The Swiss company Fumapharm eventually brought Fumaderm, an oral formulation of dimethyl fumarate (along with some monoesters) to market for psoriasis in Germany in 1994.
Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO 2 CCH=CHCO 2 H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature. It has a fruit-like taste and has been used as a food additive. Its E number is E297. [3] The salts and esters are known as fumarates. Fumarate can also refer to the C 4 H 2 O 2− 4 ion (in ...
Common food acids include vinegar, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, folic acid, fumaric acid, and lactic acid. Acidity regulators Acidity regulators are used to change or otherwise control the acidity and alkalinity of foods. Anticaking agents Anticaking agents keep powders such as milk powder from caking or sticking. Antifoaming agents
Fumaric acid ester compounds have shown immuno-modulatory and neuroprotective effects in cell-based systems and preclinical models of disease. Dimethylfumarate (DMF), which is also a fumaric acid ...
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Holland highlighted that “a carbohydrate-restricted diet can be beneficial for managing type 2 diabetes, but adherence, particularly among older adults, can be challenging.” To make a low-carb ...
Heart disease is the No. 1 cause of death in the U.S. Yet, according to the American Heart Association, half of Americans are unaware of this sobering statistic. The good news is that a diet ...
Another set of treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis are fumaric acid esters (FAE), which may be similar in effectiveness to methotrexate. [108] Apremilast (Otezla, Celgene) is an oral small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4, which plays an important role in chronic inflammation associated with psoriasis. [109]