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The first medical use of fumaric acid was described in 1959 by Walter Schweckendiek, a German chemist, [15] and was a topical formulation for psoriasis. The Swiss company Fumapharm eventually brought Fumaderm, an oral formulation of dimethyl fumarate (along with some monoesters) to market for psoriasis in Germany in 1994.
Another set of treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis are fumaric acid esters (FAE), which may be similar in effectiveness to methotrexate. [108] Apremilast (Otezla, Celgene) is an oral small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4, which plays an important role in chronic inflammation associated with psoriasis. [109]
Fumarase deficiency (or fumaric aciduria) is an exceedingly rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in the Krebs cycle, characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme fumarate hydratase, which causes a buildup of fumaric acid in the urine and a deficiency of malate.
Fumaric acid ester compounds have shown immuno-modulatory and neuroprotective effects in cell-based systems and preclinical models of disease. Dimethylfumarate (DMF), which is also a fumaric acid ...
Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO 2 CCH=CHCO 2 H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature. It has a fruit-like taste and has been used as a food additive. Its E number is E297. [3] The salts and esters are known as fumarates. Fumarate can also refer to the C 4 H 2 O 2− 4 ion (in ...
β-hydroxybutyrate (the conjugate base of β-hydroxybutyric acid, drawn above) despite chemically containing a carboxylate group instead of a ketone, is the principal "ketone body" in diabetic ketoacidosis. DKA is common in type 1 diabetes as this form of diabetes is associated with an absolute lack of insulin production by the islets of ...
fcafotodigital - Getty Images Farro One cup cooked farro contains 6.5 grams of protein and six grams of fiber , as well as B-vitamins, red blood cell-supporting iron and magnesium.
Julian Lennon is navigating a health scare this holiday season. Ahead of his trip to New York for a media tour, Lennon, 61, said he had a consultation with his dermatologist Dr. Tess, who ...