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Transparent alumina is currently one of the most mature transparent ceramics from a production and application perspective, and is available from several manufacturers. But the cost is high due to the processing temperature involved, as well as machining costs to cut parts out of single crystal boules.
Aluminium oxynitride (marketed under the name ALON by Surmet Corporation [3]) is a transparent ceramic composed of aluminium, oxygen and nitrogen.Aluminium oxynitride is optically transparent (≥80% for 2 mm thickness) in the near-ultraviolet, visible, and mid-wave-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Yttralox is a transparent ceramic consisting of yttria (Y 2 O 3) containing approximately 10% thorium dioxide (ThO 2). [1] [2] It was one of the first transparent ceramics produced, [3] and was invented in 1966 by Richard C. Anderson at the General Electric Research Laboratory while sintering mixtures of rare earth minerals.
Large laser elements made from transparent ceramics can be produced at a relatively low cost. These components are free of internal stress or intrinsic birefringence, and allow relatively large doping levels or optimized custom-designed doping profiles. This makes ceramic laser elements particularly important for high-energy lasers.
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In the visible range glass-ceramics can be transparent, translucent or opaque and even colored by coloring agents. However, glass-ceramic is not totally unbreakable. Because it is still a brittle material as glass and ceramics are, it can be broken - in particular it is less robust than traditional cooktops made of steel or cast iron.
Lumicera is a transparent ceramic developed by Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.. Murata Manufacturing first developed transparent polycrystalline ceramics in February 2001. This polycrystalline ceramic is a type of dielectric resonator material commonly used in microwaves and millimeter waves.
The added image includes a high powered Nd:YAG laser, which is one of the best examples of an industrial application of a transparent ceramic composed primarily of ytrria alumina garnet. The most widespread and potentially valuable application of transparent ceramics in both the industrial and military sectors is as a high powered laser host.