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  2. Opioid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid

    Opioid drugs include partial agonists, like the anti-diarrhea drug loperamide and antagonists like naloxegol for opioid-induced constipation, which do not cross the blood–brain barrier, but can displace other opioids from binding to those receptors in the myenteric plexus.

  3. Opiate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiate

    Opiates with opioid activity are mainly used for pain management with the premise that there will be benefits for both pain & function that will outweigh the risks to the patient. [25] Another indication is symptomatic relief of shortage of breath, both in the acute setting (for example, pulmonary edema) and in terminally ill patients. [26] [27]

  4. Narcotic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotic

    Endogenous opioids (enkephalins, dynorphin, endorphin) do not bind specifically to any particular opioid receptor. Receptor binding of the opioid causes a cascade leading to the channel opening and hyperpolarization of the neuron. The opioid receptors have the following channel types: mu, K + channel; l delta, K + channel; kappa, Ca 2+ channel ...

  5. Opioid receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_receptor

    The opioid receptor (OR) family originated from two duplication events of a single ancestral opioid receptor early in vertebrate evolution. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the family of opioid receptors was already present at the origin of jawed vertebrates over 450 million years ago.

  6. Heroin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin

    Some believe that heroin produces more euphoria than other opioids; one possible explanation is the presence of 6-monoacetylmorphine, a metabolite unique to heroin – although a more likely explanation is the rapidity of onset. While other opioids of recreational use produce only morphine, heroin also leaves 6-MAM, also a psycho-active metabolite.

  7. Morphine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphine

    The effects of morphine will likely be more pronounced in opioid-naive subjects than in chronic opioid users. In chronic opioid users, such as those on Chronic Opioid Analgesic Therapy (COAT) for managing severe, chronic pain, behavioural testing has shown normal functioning on perception, cognition, coordination, and behaviour in most cases.

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  9. List of opioids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_opioids

    This is a list of opioids, opioid antagonists and inverse agonists. Opium and poppy straw derivatives. Seedhead of opium poppy with white latex.