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Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome (WFS) is defined as adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal glands, commonly caused by severe bacterial infection. Typically, it is caused by Neisseria meningitidis. [1] The bacterial infection leads to massive bleeding into one or (usually) both adrenal glands. [2]
Enlargement of both adrenal glands, adrenal adenoma, adrenal cancer, familial hyperaldosteronism [6] [1] Diagnostic method: Blood test for aldosterone-to-renin ratio [1] Treatment: Surgery, spironolactone, eplerenone, low salt diet [1] Frequency: 10% of people with high blood pressure [1]
The adrenal glands measure approximately 5 cm in length, 3 cm in width, and up to 1 cm in thickness. [9] Their combined weight in an adult human ranges from 7 to 10 grams. [10] The glands are yellowish in colour. [8] The adrenal glands are surrounded by a fatty capsule and lie within the renal fascia, which also
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, [4] is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex), causing adrenal insufficiency.
Adrenal gland disorders (or diseases) are conditions that interfere with the normal functioning of the adrenal glands. [1] Your body produces too much or too little of one or more hormones when you have an adrenal gland dysfunction. The type of issue you have and the degree to which it affects your body's hormone levels determine the symptoms.
The adrenal glands produce important hormones that have specific roles in the homeostasis of the body, which are regulated by other glands. These hormones include aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid that regulates the amount of salt in tissue and body fluids, cortisol, a glucocorticoid that regulates metabolism and usage of macronutrients in the body, and sex hormones, such as androgens and ...
An adrenocortical adenoma or adrenal adenoma is commonly described as a benign neoplasm emerging from the cells that comprise the adrenal cortex. Like most adenomas , the adrenocortical adenoma is considered a benign tumor since the majority of them are non-functioning and asymptomatic .
Adrenal insufficiency can also result when a patient has a brain mass in the pituitary gland (e.g. pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma) which can take up space and interfere with the secretion of pituitary hormones such as ACTH, therefore leading to decreased adrenal stimulation (secondary adrenal insufficiency). [2]